员工助人行为与工作幸福感关系研究——以团队凝聚力为调节

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以问卷调查的方式对不同职业224名员工进行实证研究，验证了助人行为的频率与工作幸福感之间的倒U型关系，即增益式助人行为促进工作幸福感，损耗式助人行为抑制工作幸福感。同时验证了团队凝聚力的调节作用，结果表明团队凝聚力调节助人行为与工作幸福感间倒U曲线的开口大小，当团队凝聚力低时，曲线开口变小，助人行为对助人者工作幸福感的影响被加强；当团队凝聚力高时，曲线开口变大，助人行为对助人者工作幸福感的影响被削弱。

关键词: 助人行为, 工作幸福感, 团队凝聚力, 倒U曲线

Abstract: An empirical study of 224 employees with different work experience in different occupations was conducted by means of questionnaires, which verified the inverted u-type relationship between the frequency of helping people's behavior and work well-being, indicating that the gain-assisted behavior promotes work happiness, and the loss-oriented helper behavior inhibits work well-being. At the same time, the adjustment effect of the team cohesion is verified. The results show that the team cohesion adjusts the opening size of inverted u curve. When the team cohesion is low, the curve opening becomes smaller, and the influence of the helper behavior on the helper's work well-being is strengthened. When the team's cohesion is high, the curve opening becomes larger, and the influence of the helping behavior on the helper's work well-being is weakened.

Key words: helping behavior, work well-being, team cohesion, inverted u curve

中图分类号:

陈明淑, 陆擎涛. 员工助人行为与工作幸福感关系研究——以团队凝聚力为调节[J]. , 2019(05): 54-64.

CHEN Ming-shu, LU Qing-tao. The relationship between employee-assisted behavior and work well-being at work,Adjusted by team cohesion[J]. , 2019(05): 54-64.

参考文献

[1] Williams L J, Anderson S E. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and in-Role Behaviors.[J]. Journal of Management, 1991, 17(3):601-617.

[2] Bergeron D M. The Potential Paradox of Organizational Citizenship Behavior:Good Citizens at What Cost?[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32(4):1078-1095.

[3] Daiga Kamerāde, Helen Richardson. Gender segregation, Underemployment and Subjective Well-being in the UK Labour Market[J]. Human Relations, 2017:001872671771382.

[4] Satuf C, Monteiro S, Pereira H, et al. The Protective Effect of Job Satisfaction in Health, Happiness, Well-being and Self-esteem[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety & Ergonomics Jose, 2016:1.

[5] Hobfoll S E. Conservation of resources. A New Attempt at conceptualizing stress.[J]. American Psychologist, 1989, 44(3):513.

[6] Ehrhart M G, Naumann S E. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Work Groups:A Group Norms Approach.[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 89(6):960-974.

[7] Mark C. Bolino, William H. Turnley, J. Bruce Gilstrap, et al. Citizenship under Pressure:What's a "good soldier" to do?[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010, 31(6):835-855.

[8] Park W W, Kim M S, Gully S M. Effect of Cohesion on the Curvilinear Relationship Between Team Efficacy and Performance[J]. Small Group Research, 2017.

[9] Barling J, Akers A, Beiko D. The Impact of Positive and Negative Intraoperative Surgeons' Leadership Behaviors on Surgical Team Performance.[J]. American Journal of Surgery, 2017.

[10] Dyne L V, Graham J W, Dienesch R M. Organizational Citizenship Behavior:Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1994, 37(4):765-802.

[11] Smith C A, Organ D W, Near J P. Organizational Citizenship Behavior:Its Nature and Antecedents.[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 68(4):653-663.

[12] Podsakoff P M, Mackenzie S B, Paine J B, et al. Organizational Citizenship Behaviors:A Critical Review of the Theroetical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research.[J]. Journal of Management, 2000, 26(3):513-563.

[13] Organ D W. Organizational Citizenship Behavior:the Good Soldier Syndrome[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1988, 41(6):págs. 692-703.

[14] Glomb T M, Bhave D P, Miner A G, et al. Doing Good, Feeling Good:Examing the Role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Changing Mood[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2011, 64(1):191-223.

[15] Kathryn M. Page, Dianne A. Vella-Brodrick. The ‘What’, ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Employee Well-Being:A New Model[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2009, 90(3):441-458.

[16] Warr P. The Measurement of Well-Being and other Aspects of Mental Health[J]. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 1990, 63(3):193-210.

[17] Horn J E V, Taris D T W, Schaufeli W B, et al. The Structure of Occupational Well-Being:A Study among Dutch Teachers[J]. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 2004, 77(3):365-375.

[18] 黄亮, 彭璧玉. 工作幸福感对员工创新绩效的影响机制——一个多层次被调节的中介模型[J]. 南开管理评论, 2015, 18(2):15-29.

[19] Grant A M, Christianson M K, Price R H. Happiness, Health, or Relationships? Managerial Practices and Employee Well-Being Tradeoffs[J]. Academy of Management Perspectives, 2007, 21(3):51-63.

[20] Diener E. Assessing Subjective Well-Being:Progress and Opportunities[J]. Social Indicators Research, 1994, 31(2):103-157.

[21] Warr P. Work, Happiness, and Unhappiness.[J]. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2007, 4(2):193-195.

[22] Hobfoll S E. Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation.[J]. Review of General Psychology, 2002, 6(4):307-324.

[23] Batson C D, Coke J S, Jasnoski M L, et al. Buying Kindness:Effect of an Extrinsic Incentive for Helping on Perceived Altruism.[J]. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 1978, 4(1):86-91.

[24] O'Malley M N, Andrews L. The Effect of Mood and Incentives on Helping:Are there Some Things Money can't Buy?[J]. Motivation & Emotion, 1983, 7(2):179-189.

[25] Mary B. Harris. Effects of Altruism on Mood[J]. Journal of Social Psychology, 1977, 102(2):197-208.

[26] Bradizza C M, Brown W C, Ruszczyk M U, et al. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Treatment-Seeking Alcoholics with and without Co-occurring Mood and Anxiety Disorders[J]. Addictive Behaviors, 2017, 80:6-13.

[27] Zevon M A, Tellegen A. The Structure of Mood Change:An Idiographic/Nomothetic Analysis.[J]. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1982, 43(1):111-122.

[28] Livi S, Theodorou A, Rullo M, et al. The Rocky Road to Prosocial Behavior at Work:The Role of Positivity and Organizational Socialization in Preventing Interpersonal Strain[J]. Plos One, 2018, 13(3):e0193508.

[29] Barksdale K, Werner J M. Managerial Ratings of in-Role Behaviors, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and overall Performance:Testing Different Models of their Relationship.[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2001, 51(2):145-155.

[30] Johnson J W. The Relative Importance of Task and Contextual Performance Dimensions to Supervisor Judgments of Overall Performance.[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001, 86(5):984-996.

[31] Rotundo M. The Relative Importance of Task, Citizenship, and Counterproductive Performance to Global Ratings of Job Performance:a Policy-Capturing approach[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002, 87(1):66.

[32] Flynn F J. "How Much is it Worth to You? Subjective Evaluations of Help in Organizations"[J]. Research in Organizational Behavior, 2006, 27(06):133-174.

[33] Podsakoff P M, Ahearne M, Mackenzie S B. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Quantity and Quality of Work Group Performance[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1997, 82(2):262-270.

[34] Flynn F J. What have you Done for me lately? Temporal Adjustments to Favor evaluations[J]. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 2003, 91(1):38-50.

[35] Flynn F J. How much should I Give and how often? The Effects of Generosity and frequency of Favor Exchange on Social Status and Productivity[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2003, 46(5):539-553.

[36] Lewin K. A Dynamic Theory of Personality.[M]//A Dynamic Theory of Personality:. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 1935:348-349.

[37] Hogg M A. The Social Psychology of Group Cohesiveness:From Attraction to Social Identity[J]. 1992.

[38] Carron A V, Widmeyer W N, Brawley L R. The Development of an Instrument to Assess Cohesion in Sport Teams:The Group Environment Questionnaire.[J]. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1985, 7(3):244-266.

[39] Hogg M A. The Social Psychology of Group Cohesiveness:From Attraction to Social Identity[J]. 1992.

[40] Wech B A, Mossholder K W, Steel R P, et al. Does Work Group Cohesiveness Affect Individuals' Performance and Organizational Commitment? A Cross-Level Examination.[J]. Small Group Research, 1998, 29(4):472-494.

[41] Whitton S M, Fletcher R B. The Group Environment Questionnaire:A multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis.[J]. Small Group Research, 2014, 45(1):68-88.

[42] Mark C. Bolino, William H. Turnley, J. Bruce Gilstrap, et al. Citizenship under Pressure:What's a "Good Soldier" to do?[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010, 31(6):835-855.

[43] Giraldo L F, Passino K M. Dynamic Task Performance, Cohesion, and Communications in Human Groups[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2016, 46(10):2207-2219.

[44] Mullen B, Copper C. The Relation between Group Cohesiveness and Performance:An Integration.[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1994, 115(2):210-227.

[45] Liu D, Chen X, Holley E. Help yourself by Helping others:The Joint Impact of Group Member Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Group Cohesiveness on Group Member Objective Task Performance Change[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2017, 70.

[46] Carron A V, Bray S R, Eys M A. Team Cohesion and Team Success in Sport[J]. Journal of Sport Science, 2002, 20(2):119-126.

[47] Rizzo J R, House R J, Lirtzman S I. Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations.[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1970, 15(2):N/A.

[48] 邱林, 郑雪, 王雁飞. 积极情感消极情感量表(PANAS)的修订[J]. 应用心理学, 2008(3):249-254.

[49] Dobbins G H, Zaccaro S J. The Effects of Group Cohesion and Leader Behavior on Subordinate Satisfaction.[J]. Group & Organization Management, 1986, 11(3):203-219.

[50] 周浩, 龙立荣. 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12(6):942-950.

[51] Podsakoff P M, Mackenzie S B. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88(5):879-903.

[52] Harman G. Practical Reasoning[J]. Review of Metaphysics, 1976, 29(3):431-463.

[53] Hayes A F, Preacher K J. Quantifying and Testing Indirect Effects in Simple Mediation Models When the Constituent Paths Are Nonlinear[J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2010, 45(4):627.

[54] Lin B, Law K, Zhou J. Why is Underemployment Related to Creativity and OCB?A Task Crafting Explanation of the Curvilinear Moderated Relations[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2017, 60(1).

[55] 罗胜强. 管理学问卷调查研究方法[M]. 重庆大学出版社, 2014:373-376.