贵州财经大学学报

贵州财经大学学报 ›› 2021 ›› Issue (05): 1-7.

• 中国共产党100周年理论与实践 •    下一篇

贫困县何以摘帽——脱贫攻坚中的央地关系与干部激励

汪三贵, 钟宇   

  1. 中国人民大学 农业与农村发展学院/中国扶贫研究院, 北京 100872
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-25 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-23
  • 作者简介:汪三贵(1962-),男,中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院教授,博士生导师,中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院院长,研究方向为农村发展与贫困治理;钟宇(1997-),男,中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院硕士研究生,研究方向为贫困治理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目"脱贫地区持续发展的内生动力及政策研究"（72034007）。

How Impoverished Counties Removed from The Poverty List-The Central-Local Relations and Promotion Incentives in Poverty Alleviation

WANG San-gui, ZHONG Yu   

  1. School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development/China Anti-Poverty Research Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
  • Received:2021-04-25 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-23

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摘要： 脱贫攻坚战中，一种新的央地关系与干部激励模式在脱贫攻坚战中发挥了巨大作用。中央将项目与资金的审批权下放到县，给予贫困县充分的资金分配和使用权，解决了原来"事权"和"财力"错配的问题。保持贫困县党政正职稳定的特殊官员管理方法，将贫困县主政官员从常规政治锦标赛中退出，并进入一场以贫困县退出摘帽为目标的"脱贫攻坚资格赛"。在这场资格赛中，中央通过脱贫成效考核挂钩晋升等方式充分调动了官员的积极性，此外，中央还引入了贫困县退出第三方评估等方式解决了委托代理模式中存在的信息不对称问题。这种针对特殊任务的特殊国家治理模式充分调动了地方官员的积极性、有效提高了目标治理的效率，再次丰富了中国治理的内涵。

关键词: 脱贫攻坚, 央地关系, 干部激励, 国家治理

Abstract: A brand new type of Central-Local relations and cadre promotion incentives model has played a significant role in the battle of targeted poverty alleviation,especially in the process of removing from poverty list for 832 impoverished counties. The central government delegated the authority of approve projects to counties, and gave impoverished counties rights to allocate and use financial transfer payments, which resolved the fiscal mismatch between "financial power" and "expenditure responsibility". A special cadre management method maintaining the stability of the main leaders of impoverished counties,and withdraw the leaders from the regular political tournament and enter a "poverty alleviation qualifying competition" with the goal of removing from the impoverished counties list. In this qualify, the central government mobilized the enthusiasm of officials and improved the efficiency of governance by tying the poverty alleviation performance with promotion. In addition, the central government also introduced third-party evaluation to solve the problem of information asymmetry. This special governance model for special tasks like poverty alleviation has fully motivate the local officials, improved the efficiency of targeted governance, and enriched the connotation of national governance.

Key words: poverty alleviation, central-local relations, promotion incentives, national governance

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