增值税转型促进了企业成本加成的提升吗——来自中国工业企业的证据

贵州财经大学学报 ›› 2022 ›› Issue (03): 16-26.

增值税转型促进了企业成本加成的提升吗——来自中国工业企业的证据

匡浩宇, 汪冲

上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院, 上海 200433

收稿日期:2021-09-28 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-21
作者简介:匡浩宇(1993-),湖北汉川人,上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院博士研究生,研究方向为税收理论与政策、计量财税;汪冲(1979-),安徽宣城人,上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为税收理论与政策。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目"中央管控地方建设用地的全要素生产率影响、机制与优化路径"(71973090)、中央高校基本科研业务费项目"用地管控、财政收益与土地出让"(2017110136)。

Does Value-Added Tax Reform promote the Price-Cost Markup?- Evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises

KUANG Hao-yu, WANG Chong

School of public economics and management, Shanghai University of Finance and economics, Shanghai 200433, China

Received:2021-09-28 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 增值税转型改革实现了生产型增值税向消费型增值税的转变，给企业带来了政策优惠红利。厘清增值税转型对企业经济效应的内在机制，对理解中国增值税转型政策的经济效果，以及未来进一步对税收政策进行改革具有重要意义。基于1998~2007年中国工业企业数据库，通过半参数ACF方法估计出修正后的企业成本加成，使用倾向匹配得分和双重差分法的研究表明:增值税转型改革显著提升了企业成本加成；在考虑样本选择偏误以及更换成本加成测算方式、安慰剂检验结果都证实了回归结果的稳健性；机制分析表明，增值税转型改革通过降低生产成本和提高工业增加值两个路径促进了成本加成的提升。

关键词: 增值税转型, 成本加成, 半参数估计, PSM-DID

Abstract: the transformation and reform of value-added tax has realized the transformation from production-oriented value-added tax to consumption-oriented value-added tax, and brought preferential policy dividends to enterprises. Clarifying the internal mechanism of the economic effect of value-added tax transformation on enterprises is of great significance to understand the economic effect of China's value-added tax transformation policy and further reform the tax policy in the future. Based on the database of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007, the revised enterprise cost plus is estimated by semi parametric ACF method. The research using propensity matching score and double difference method shows that the transformation reform of value-added tax has significantly improved the enterprise cost plus; Considering the sample selection error, the calculation method of replacement cost plus and the placebo test results all confirmed the robustness of the regression results; Mechanism analysis shows that the transformation and reform of value-added tax has promoted the increase of cost plus by reducing production costs and increasing industrial added value.

Key words: VAT transformation, cost plus, semi parametric estimation, PSM-DID

中图分类号:

F810

匡浩宇, 汪冲. 增值税转型促进了企业成本加成的提升吗——来自中国工业企业的证据[J]. 贵州财经大学学报, 2022(03): 16-26.

KUANG Hao-yu, WANG Chong. Does Value-Added Tax Reform promote the Price-Cost Markup?- Evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises[J]. Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, 2022(03): 16-26.

参考文献

[1] 聂辉华,方明月,李涛.增值税转型对企业行为和绩效的影响——以东北地区为例[J].管理世界,2009(5):17~24;35.
[2] Liu Q,Lu Y. Firm investment and exporting:Evidence from China's value-added tax reform[J]. Journal of International Economics,2015(2):392~403.
[3] 马双,吴夕,卢斌.政府减税、企业税负与企业活力研究——来自增值税转型改革的证据[J].经济学(季刊),2019 (2):483~504.
[4] 陈烨,张欣,寇恩惠,等.增值税转型对就业负面影响的CGE模拟分析[J].经济研究,2010(9):29~42.
[5] 盛丹,张慧玲,王永进.税收激励与企业的市场定价能力[J].世界经济,2021 (7):104-131.
[6] 谢申祥,范鹏飞.增值税全面转型对企业出口产品质量的影响与机理[J].财政研究,2020(12):73-91.
[7] De Loecker,J.,and F. Warzynski.Markups and Firm-Level Export Status[J].American Economic Review,2012(6):2437~71.
[8] 钱学锋,范冬梅.国际贸易与企业成本加成:一个文献综述[J].经济研究,2015(2):172~185.
[9] 蒋为.增值税扭曲、生产率分布与资源误置[J].世界经济,2016(5):54~77.
[10] 许伟,陈斌开.税收激励和企业投资——基于2004~2009年增值税转型的自然实验[J].管理世界,2016(5):9~17.
[11] 康茂楠,毛凯林,刘灿雷.增值税转型、成本加成率分布与资源配置效率[J].财经研究,2019(2):4~16.
[12] David A, David D, Lawrence F. K, Christina P, John V. R. The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, Advance Access publication 2020, 645~709.
[13] Zhang L,Chen Y Y,He Z Y. The effect of investment tax incentives:Evidence from China's value-added tax reform[J]. International Tax and Public Finance,2018(4):913~945.
[14] Edmond,C.,V. Midrigan,and D.Y.Xu.Competition,Markups,and the Gains form Trade,NBER Working Paper,2012:18041.
[15] Fan Haichao, Gao Xiang, Li Yao Amber, Luong Tuan Anh. Trade liberalization and markups:Micro evidence from China[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2018(1):103~130.
[16] Baqaee, D. and Farhi, E. Productivity and Misallocation in General Equilibrium[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2020(1):105~163.
[17] Daniel A. Ackerberg, Kevin Caves, Garth Frazer. Identification Properties of Recent Production Function Estimators[J].Econometrica,2015(6):2411~2451.
[18] 包群,王靖楠,梁贺.合资经历重要吗[J].财贸经济,2020(8):110~126.
[19] 樊海潮,张丽娜.贸易自由化、成本加成与企业内资源配置[J].财经研究,2019(5):139~152.
[20] 聂辉华,江艇,杨汝岱.中国工业企业数据库的使用现状和潜在问题[J].世界经济,2012(5):142~158.
[21] Brandt L,Van Biesebroeck J,Zhang Y F. Creative accounting or creative destruction? Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2012(2):339~351.
[22] Cai H B, Liu Q, Xiao G. Does competition encourage unethical behavior? The case of corporate profit hiding in China[J]. Economic Journal,2009,119:764~795.
[23] Feenstra R C,Li Z Y,Yu M J. Exports and credit constraints under incomplete information:Theory and evidence from China[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,2014(4):729~744.
[24] 戴小勇,成力为.产业政策如何更有效:中国制造业生产率与加成率的证据[J].世界经济,2019(3):69~93.
[25] 赵西亮.倾向指数匹配方法:变量选择和模型设定问题[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(11):133~147.
[26] Topalova P.Factor immobility and regional impacts of trade liberalization:Evidence on poverty from India[J]. American Economic Journal:Applied Economics,2010(4):1~41.
[27] 李思慧,徐保昌.金融市场化、融资约束与企业成本加成:来自中国制造业企业的证据[J].国际贸易问题,2018(2):164~174.
[28] 刘宗明,吴正倩.中间产品市场扭曲会阻碍能源产业全要素生产率提升吗——基于微观企业数据的理论与实证[J].中国工业经济,2019(8):42~60.
[29] 赵术高,周兵,刘楠楠.我国企业所得税与个人所得税重复征税问题研析[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2020(3):79~86.
[30] 詹新宇,刘洋.增值税分成对经济发展质量的促进效应——基于中国地级市面板数据的研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2020(1):127~137.