基本养老保险断保对公平感和预期阶层认同的影响——兼论年龄与户籍异质性

贵州财经大学学报 ›› 2024 ›› Issue (02): 12-21.

基本养老保险断保对公平感和预期阶层认同的影响——兼论年龄与户籍异质性

张雪, 张寅凯, 薛惠元

浙江大学公共管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058;香港大学社会工作及社会行政学系, 香港特别行政区 999077;武汉大学社会保障研究中心, 湖北武汉 430072

收稿日期:2023-04-12 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-20
作者简介:张雪(1997—),女,四川仁寿人,浙江大学公共管理学院博士研究生,研究方向为社会保障理论与政策;张寅凯(1996—),男,浙江遂昌人,香港大学社会工作及社会行政学系博士研究生,研究方向为养老保障、社会保障理论与政策;薛惠元(1982—),男,山东沂南人,博士,武汉大学社会保障研究中心副主任,副教授、硕士生导师,研究方向为养老保险、社会保险精算。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金一般项目"灵活就业人员多支柱养老保险参保的成本收益及激励机制研究"(23BSH047);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"养老保障制度促进共同富裕的路径机制与改革策略研究"(22JJD630014);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"我国农村健康扶贫成效评估及长效机制创新研究"(22YJC630085)。

The Impact of Discontinuation of Basic Pension Insurance on Sense of Fairness and Expected Class Identity—Variations by age and hukou

ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Yin-kai, XUE Hui-yuan

Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058;The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077;Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072

Received:2023-04-12 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 公平感和阶层认同关系着精神富裕目标的实现。我国基本养老保险覆盖率逐年扩大的同时,居民的主观福祉却呈现向下偏移趋势。以往研究主要关注参保与否对个体主观福祉的影响,较少分析参保持续行为的影响,特别是在年龄、户籍上的异质性效应。因此,基于中国劳动力动态调查2016和2018年的数据,分析了基本养老保险断保对公平感和预期阶层认同的影响及其年龄和户籍异质性。研究发现:(1)我国居民的预期阶层认同整体有所降低,青年和农村群体的公平感和预期阶层认同均呈下降趋势。(2)从断保状态来看,基本养老保险整体断保率为21.9%,以城乡居保断保为主,其中,青年和农村居民的断保率分别高于中老年人群和城镇居民。(3)与连续参保的居民相比,基本养老保险断保对公平感和预期阶层认同具有显著的消极作用,城乡居保断保的负面影响突出;分人群而言,断保会显著降低青年群体和农村居民的公平感,还会对农村居民的预期阶层认同造成显著的负向影响。基本养老保险的高断保率带来的负面效应抵减了参保的福利促进效应,能够在一定程度上解释参保率逐年提高的同时,公平感和预期阶层认同的下降趋势。基于此,提出建议:完善基本养老保险缴费激励机制、提高城乡居民养老保险待遇水平、完善基本养老保险断保高发人群的参保政策。

关键词: 基本养老保险, 断保, 公平感, 预期阶层认同

Abstract: The Sense of fairness and class identity are related to the realization of spiritual affluence. While the coverage of China's basic pension insurance has expanded year by year, residents' subjective well-being has shown a downward bias. Previous research has primarily focused on examining the impact of participating in pension insurance on individual's well-being, while paying little attention to the effects of continuous participation. Moreover, there has been limited consideration given to its heterogeneous effects, particularly with regards to age and hukou. Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016~2018, this paper analyzes the impact of the discontinuation of basic pension insurance on the sense of fairness and expected class identity variations by age and hukou. The findings are follows:(1) the expected class identity of Chinese residents has decreased overall, and the sense of fairness and expected class identity of both youth and rural groups show a downward trend. (2) The overall disenrollment rate of basic old-age insurance is 21.9%, dominated by urban and rural residents' disenrollment, among which the disenrollment rates of youth and rural residents are higher than those of the middle-aged and elderly groups and urban residents, respectively. (3) Compared with the continuously insured residents, the discontinuation of basic pension insurance has a significant negative influence on the sense of fairness and expected class identity, and the discontinuation of urban and rural residential insurance shows a significant negative effect; the discontinuation significantly reduces the sense of fairness of the youth group and rural residents, and also has a significant negative impact on the expected class identity of rural residents. The negative effect of the high disenrollment rate of basic pension insurance offsets the welfare promotion effect of participation, which can explain to a certain extent the decreasing trend of equity and expected class identity while the participation rate increases year by year. Based on this, suggestions are put forward:improve the incentive mechanism for basic pension insurance contributions, increase the level of urban and rural residents' pension insurance benefits, and improve the participation policy for those with high rates of disenrollment from basic pension insurance.

Key words: basic pension insurance, discontinuation, sense of fairness, expected class identity

中图分类号:

F840.61

张雪, 张寅凯, 薛惠元. 基本养老保险断保对公平感和预期阶层认同的影响——兼论年龄与户籍异质性[J]. 贵州财经大学学报, 2024(02): 12-21.

ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Yin-kai, XUE Hui-yuan. The Impact of Discontinuation of Basic Pension Insurance on Sense of Fairness and Expected Class Identity—Variations by age and hukou[J]. Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, 2024(02): 12-21.

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