外商直接投资与中国雾霾治理——基于要素市场扭曲视角的分析

贵州财经大学学报 ›› 2020 ›› Issue (05): 88-99.

外商直接投资与中国雾霾治理——基于要素市场扭曲视角的分析

周杰琦¹, 刘生龙²

1. 广东财经大学经济学院, 广东广州 510320;
2. 清华大学公共管理学院, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2020-03-26 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2020-09-16
作者简介:周杰琦(1983-),男,广东韶关人,广东财经大学经济学院副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为环境经济理论与政策评估;刘生龙(1979-),男,湖北武汉人,清华大学公共管理学院副教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为计量经济学理论与方法。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目"宏观大数据建模和预测研究"（71991475）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"环境规制影响高质量发展的传导机制、动态特征及协同政策研究"（20YJCZH247）。

Foreign Direct Investment and Haze Pollution Governance in China-Analysis from the Perspective of Factor Market Distortion

ZHOU Jie-qi¹, LIU Sheng-long²

1. School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China;
2. School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2020-03-26 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结合寻租理论与地方政府竞争理论，以外资企业与地方政府互动为切入点，构建"FDI-要素市场扭曲-雾霾污染"的逻辑框架，基于中国2004~2018年城市面板数据，构造动态空间杜宾模型与空间联立方程模型研究FDI对雾霾污染的影响机制，结果显示：（1）FDI既通过产业结构升级、环境技术溢出（区域内与区域间）、源自全球价值链分工的空间溢出发挥治霾效应，又通过要素市场扭曲（区域内与区域间）与经济规模加剧雾霾，最终总体上有利于治霾；（2）为吸引FDI，地方政府在要素市场上存在"逐底竞争"，加剧了要素市场扭曲；（3）要素市场扭曲削弱了FDI的产业结构升级效应与环境技术溢出效应，并刺激其经济增长效应，从而不利于发挥其治霾效应；（4）雾霾污染存在显著的路径依赖特征与空间溢出效应，并抑制偏好优质环境的FDI的流入。

关键词: FDI, 要素市场扭曲, 雾霾治理, 空间联立方程模型

Abstract: Combining rent-seeking theory with local government competition theory, taking the interaction between foreign companies and local governments as the starting point, this paper constructs a logical framework of "FDI-factor market distortion-haze pollution", based on China's urban panel data from 2004 to 2018, this paper constructs a dynamic spatial Dubin model and a spatial simultaneous equation model to test hypothesis. The research finds that:(1) FDI not only reduces haze pollution through industrial structure upgrade, environmental technology spillover (intra-regional or interregional), and spatial spillover originating from the division of global value chains, but also intensifies haze pollution through factor market distortion(intra-regional or interregional) and economic scale. Ultimately, FDI is conducive to haze management; (2) In order to attract FDI, local governments have a "bottom-to-bottom competition" in the factor market, exacerbating the distortion of the factor market; (3) Factor market distortion weakens the industrial structure upgrade effect and environmental technology spillover effect of FDI, and stimulates its economic growth effect, which is not conducive to exerting its positive effect in reducing haze pollution; (4) Haze pollution has significant path-dependent characteristics and space spillover effect, and inhibits the inflow of FDI that prefers high-quality environment.

Key words: FDI, factor market distortion, haze pollution governance, spatial simultaneous equation model

中图分类号:

F205

周杰琦, 刘生龙. 外商直接投资与中国雾霾治理——基于要素市场扭曲视角的分析[J]. 贵州财经大学学报, 2020(05): 88-99.

ZHOU Jie-qi, LIU Sheng-long. Foreign Direct Investment and Haze Pollution Governance in China-Analysis from the Perspective of Factor Market Distortion[J]. Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, 2020(05): 88-99.

参考文献

[1] Ning L, Wang F, Li J. Urban Innovation, Regional Externalities of Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Agglomeration:Evidence from Chinese Cities[J]. Research Policy, 2016, 45(4):830~843.
[2] Cheng Z, Li L, Liu J. Identifying the Spatial Effects and Driving Factors of Urban PM_2.5, Pollution in China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2017, 82(11):61~75.
[3] 邵帅, 李欣, 曹建华. 中国的城市化推进与雾霾治理[J]. 经济研究, 2019(2):148~165.
[4] 郑新业, 张阳阳, 马本, 等. 全球化与收入不平等:新机制与新证据[J]. 经济研究, 2018(8):132~146.
[5] Tang J. Testing the Pollution Haven Effect:Does the Type of FDI Matter?[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2015, 60(4):549~578.
[6] Sung B, Song W Y, Park S D. How Foreign Direct Investment Affects CO₂, Emission Levels in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry:Evidence from Panel Data[J]. Economic Systems, 2018, 42(2):320~331.
[7] Liu Q, Wang S, Zhang W, et al. Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Environmental Pollution in China's Cities? A Spatial Econometric Perspective[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 613(2):521~529.
[8] Grossman G M, Krueger A B. Economic Growth and Environment[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1995, 110(2):353~377.
[9] 盛斌, 吕越. 外国直接投资对中国环境的影响——来自工业行业面板数据的实证研究[J]. 中国社会科学, 2012(5):54~75.
[10] Doytch N, Uctum M. Globalization and the Environmental Impact of Sectoral FDI[J]. Economic Systems, 2016, 40(4):582~594.
[11] Ning L, Wang F. Does FDI Bring Environmental Knowledge Spillovers to Developing Countries? The Role of the Local Industrial Structure[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2018, 71(2):381~405.
[12] Lin B, Chen Z. Does Factor Market Distortion Inhibit the Green Total Factor Productivity in China?[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 197(1):25~33.
[13] 盖庆恩, 朱喜, 程名望, 等. 要素市场扭曲、垄断势力与全要素生产率[J]. 经济研究, 2015(5):61~75.
[14] 张杰, 周晓艳, 李勇. 要素市场扭曲抑制了中国企业R&D?[J]. 经济研究, 2011(8):78~91.
[15] Cole M, Elliott R J, Zhang J. Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Environment:Evidence from Chinese Cities[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 2011, 51(1):121~138.
[16] 阚大学, 吕连菊. 要素市场扭曲加剧了环境污染吗——基于省级工业行业空间动态面板数据的分析[J]. 财贸经济, 2016(5):146~159.
[17] Holburn G L F, Zelner B A. Political Capabilities, Policy Risk, and International Investment Strategy:Evidence from the Global Electric Power Generation Industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31(12):1290~1315.
[18] 蒋含明. 要素价格扭曲与我国居民收入差距扩大[J]. 统计研究, 2013(12):56~63.
[19] 宋马林, 金培振. 地方保护、资源错配与环境福利绩效[J]. 经济研究, 2016(12):47~61.
[20] Hsieh C T, Klenow P J. Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009, 124(4):1403~1448.
[21] Yang K, Lee L F. Identification and QML Estimation of Multivariate and Simultaneous Equations Spatial Autoregressive Models[J]. Journal of Econometrics, 2017, 196(1):196~214.
[22] 王宁, 史晋川. 中国要素价格扭曲程度的测度[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2015(9):149~160.
[23] Oh D H. A Global Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2010, 34(3):183~197.
[24] Young A. Gold into Base Metals:Productivity Growth in the People's Republic of China during the Reform Period[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2003, 111(6):1220~1261.
[25] Han C, Phillips P C B. GMM Estimation for Dynamic Panels with Fixed Effects and Strong Instruments at Unity[J]. Econometric Theory, 2010, 26(1):119~151.
[26] Kelejian H, Prucha I R. Estimation of Simultaneous Systems of Spatially Interrelated Cross Sectional Equations[J]. Journal of Econometrics, 2004, 118(1):27~50.
[27] Kirkulak B, Qiu B, Yin W. The Impact of FDI on Air Quality:Evidence from China[J]. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2011, 4(2):4187~4190.