Abstract: The content is from the origin and the perspective of structure point of view to analyze the first demographic dividend and the structural features of the second demographic dividend. Furthermore, the author is from various angles to see whether the first demographic dividend of China has disappeared to make judgments, the judgments would be made by seeing from various angles of whether the first demographic dividend of China has disappeared. The essay would also establish more flexible and competitive labor market, the human capital investment system, the motivation of social pension system,the aspects of completeness of capital markets and fairness,and distribution system of reasonable income have all been discussed, that leads to discussion of the implementation mechanism of the second demographic dividend.

Key words: demographic dividend, demographic transition, economic growth