贵州财经大学学报

贵州财经大学学报 ›› 2025 ›› Issue (03): 20-30.

• 宏观经济 • 上一篇    

长期护理保险对老年人健康的影响研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

薛惠元1,2, 张永高2   

  1. 1. 武汉大学 社会保障研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430072;
    2. 武汉大学 政治与公共管理学院, 湖北 武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 作者简介:薛惠元(1982—),男,山东沂南人,博士,武汉大学社会保障研究中心副主任,武汉大学政治与公共管理学院副教授、硕士生导师,研究方向为养老保险、社会保险精算和长期护理保险;张永高(2001—),男,安徽阜阳人,武汉大学政治与公共管理学院研究生,研究方向为长期护理保险。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"养老保障制度促进共同富裕的路径机制与改革策略研究"(编号:22JJD630014)、教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地自设课题"新业态灵活就业人员适应性失业保险制度构建研究"(编号:23JDZS02)。

Research on the Impact of Long-term Care Insurance on the Health of the Elderly: Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS

XUE Huiyuan1,2, ZHANG Yonggao2   

  1. 1. Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;
    2. School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
  • Received:2024-07-25 Published:2025-05-21

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摘要： 长期护理保险是健全社会保障体系的重要制度安排,完善长期护理保险对推进健康中国战略实施具有重要意义。区别于过往研究对长期护理保险健康效应的路径机制解释不足以及研究数据的滞后,文章采用2011—2020年五期CHARLS最新数据实证分析了长期护理保险对老年人多维健康的影响,并运用Grossman健康需求理论模型检验了其背后的传导机理。研究发现,长期护理保险显著地提升了老年人的身体健康和心理健康,机制分析表明长期护理保险通过增加家庭消费和减轻子女照料负担,满足老年人的需求并增加健康投资,进而改善老年人的健康。异质性分析表明长期护理保险更有利于提升高龄、女性、受教育程度较低和收入较低等弱势地位老年人群体的健康水平,具有倾向弱势群体的健康促进效应。基于此,建议完善顶层设计,逐步扩大试点范围和参保对象覆盖范围,建立护理救助精准识别机制,提升困难群体补贴力度,加强基层公共卫生设施建设,促进基本公共服务均等化。

关键词: 长期护理保险, 老年人, 身体健康, 心理健康

Abstract: Long-term care insurance is an important institutional arrangement in the social security system, and improving it is of great significance for promoting the implementation of the Healthy China strategy. Different from the insufficient explanation of the path mechanism of the health effects of long-term care insurance and the lag of research data in previous studies, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of long-term care insurance on the multidimensional health of the elderly population using the latest CHARLS data from five periods from 2011 to 2020, and uses the Grossman's Model of Health Demand to test the underlying transmission mechanism. Research has found that long-term care insurance significantly improves the physical and mental health of the elderly. Mechanism analysis shows that long-term care insurance improves the health of the elderly by increasing household consumption and reducing the burden of child care, meeting their needs and increasing health investment. Heterogeneity analysis shows that long-term care insurance is more conducive to improving the health welfare level of vulnerable elderly groups such as the elderly, women, those with lower education levels, and those with lower incomes, and has a health promotion effect that tends towards vulnerable groups. Based on this, it is recommended to improve the top-level design, gradually expand the pilot scope and coverage of insured persons, establish a precise identification mechanism for nursing assistance, increase subsidies for disadvantaged groups, strengthen the construction of grassroots public health facilities, and promote equalization of basic public services.

Key words: Long-term care insurance, elderly people, physical health, mental health

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