Abstract: How urbanization affects regional economic development has been attracting academic attention.In particular, the most prominent manifestation of the current unbalanced and inadequate development is the urban-rural gap, which is mainly manifested in the urban-rural income gap.This paper is based on the time series data of Guizhou province from 2000 to 2021.Based on Theil index, this paper constructs an economic theoretical model to empirically analyze whether the income gap between urban and rural residents meets the "inverted U" hypothesis in the process of new-type urbanization in Guizhou Province.The results show that: (1)In theory, the inflection point of urban-rural income gap in the "inverted U-shaped" hypothesis appears, but in reality, the income gap between urban and rural residents in the underdeveloped region of Guizhou Province has been further expanded, not reduced, because of the weak industrial base.(2)When economic growth and other control variables are excluded, the income gap between urbanization and urban and rural residents conforms to the characteristics of the "inverted U shape" hypothesis.Economic growth, capital intensity and other indicators are conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.Industrial structure, education level and other indicators have widened the income gap between urban and rural residents.On the basis of diagnosing the "crux" of the widening income gap between urban and rural residents, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of new urbanization with mountain characteristics. This requires, as follows.(1)Give full play to the people-centered new urbanization as the driving force for economic growth;(2)Continuously enhance the county industry support ability;(3)Strive to promote the equalization of human capital investment for urban and rural residents.

Key words: urbanization of population, the urban-rural income disparities, the inverted U hypothesis, under-developed regions