Abstract: This paper uses the spatial econometric model to systematically analyze the spatial differentiation of human capital structure and the polarization of human capital structure in the process of urbanization. Themit studies the internal implementation mechanism from the three dimensions of technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading and income gap.The results show that:(1) human capital structure is still dominated by low human capital in most areas of China, and spatial aggregation of human capital structure is obvious in eastern and central regions; (2) with the elevation of urbanization, human capital structure appears that the proportion of high and low-skilled human capital increased, while the proportion of middle-skilled human capital continue to reduce which present the polarization phenomenon. The interaction of Industrial upgrading, technological innovation and urbanization enhances the proportion of high-skilled human capital. The interaction between income disparity, industrial upgrading and urbanization promotes the proportion of low-skilled human capital. Promoting regional coordinated development, boosting industrial structure to high-end service-oriented direction, accelerating the transformation of innovation results, narrowing the urban-rural income gap are important path to promote the optimization of human capital structure.

Key words: human capital structure polarization, urbanization, spatial differentiation, spatial econometric model